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It was too long, and that preacher wasn't dressed up enough" would be an example of which type of processing? Betty writes a letter to her senator asking for support of a law making corporations responsible for the pollution they cause. Six chapters are new to this book; two are reprints of chapters . A laboratory experiment was designed to test these derivations. You tell your roommate she probably would not have said that if she had attended class the day the instructor discussed the topic of. They will decide they wanted to do it anyway, or that maybe it was a good idea, in retrospect. The three components of attitude are _____, thoughts, and actions. To which he readily agrees. This has many practical implications. The participants who were in the control group were not given any motivation. Comparison of the effectiveness of improvised versus non-improvised role-playing in producing opinion change. Results and Conclusions - Festinger-Carlsmith they shifted their attitudes and perceived the task as more enjoyable Thus, if the overt behavior was brought about by, say, offers of reward or threats of punishment, the magnitude of dissonance is maximal if these promised rewards or threatened punishments were just barely sufficient to induce the person to say "not X." They asked the participants to execute boring tasks, such as repeatedly. In explaining our own behavior, we tend to use situational attributions rather than personal, which is, When prejudicial attitudes cause members of a particular social group to be treated differently than the others in situations that call for equal treatment, it is called. Participants who agreed to do this were paid either $1 or $20. They did not have to change their attitudes to lie because the money served as ample justification (Cognitive Dissonance). Instead the opposite happened. Festinger, L. & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959) Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. (1957) Attitude change through reward of verbal behavior. Search over 500 articles on psychology, science, and experiments. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) experiment in which they asked individuals to "lie" and tell the next participant how exciting the experiment turning knobs was, which group reported on a follow-up questionnaire the most satisfaction in their knob-turning experience?, The "A" in the "ABCs" of attitudes is, refer to beliefs and . In Asch's black line experiment, participants. Festinger and Carlsmith had cleverly set up an opposition between behavioral theory, which was dominant in the 1950s, and Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. The true purpose of the experiment was then explained to the S in detail, and the reasons for each of the various steps in the experiment were explained carefully in relation to the true purpose. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. endobj Festinger and Carlsmith - cognitive dissonance , Cognitive consequences of Forced Compliance. In addition to these 5 exceptions, another 2 of the paid participants told the girl the truth that the tasks she will be performing are boring and uninteresting, and that they were just being paid to say otherwise. The five ratings were: 1. Carol is showing, In Milgram's study, as the teachers became reluctant to continue, the experimenter, Studies have found that in civil suits, if individual members of the jury favor stiff penalties, the deliberation process will result in even higher penalties. Which is (farther, farthest) away, the library of the park? If you change your attitudes, then presumably your behavior will change. Sherif's 1936 study of conformity involved, asking participants to report the movement of a single point of light in a darkened room, The Challenger disaster is a classic example of groupthink because, some people knew the shuttle was not OK to launch but did not speak up and therefore disrupt group cohesion, Chris's roommate asks Chris to do him a favor, and Chris agrees. If you want somebody to like you, induce the person to perform "liking behavior" such as doing you a favor. According to _________ theory, prejudice may result, at least in part, from the need to increase one's own self-esteem by looking down on others. The present experiment was listed as a two-hour experiment dealing with " Meas-ures of Performance." During the first week of the course, when the requirement of serving in experiments was announced and explained to the students, the instructor also told them about a study that the psychology department was conducting. <> More surprisingly, if you change a person's behavior, attitudes change to match the behavior. The amount of money paid the subject was varied. The people who were paid $1 rated the task as more enjoyable because they had no ample justification for lying, so they convinced themselves that the task was fun and rated it as fun. In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) experiment in which they asked individuals to "lie" and tell . endobj Subjects paid $1 were enthusiastic about their lies, and were successful in convincing others that the experiment's activities were interesting. This manufacturer is depending on the social process of______ to increase sales. Hence, the alternative explanation discussed above cannot account for the findings. /Linearized 1.0 (Boulding, 1969) Would the subject say that the experiment as he had experienced it was actually likely to measure We would also like to acknowledge the help of Ruth Smith and Marilyn M. Miller. Which of the following statements is TRUE? anything important? Rating scale 0 to 10. These made them question what the real purpose of the study is. The driver was making a situational attribution; the officer was making a dispositional attribution. Subjects were subjected to a boring experience and then paid to tell someone that the experience had been interesting and enjoyable. /N 8 the majority would administer 450 volts as instructed. The larger the pressure used to elicit the [p. 210] overt behavior (beyond the minimum needed to elicit it) the weaker will be the above-mentioned tendency. The results are weakly in line with what one would expect if the dissonance were somewhat reduced in this manner. AP Psychology Unit 9 Flashcards | Quizlet Which communicator would likely be most persuasive? Intro to Social psy chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Festinger, L. (1957). Is it simply the actions of an explicitly racist contingent? Add to folder The text in this article is licensed under the Creative Commons-License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The observed opinion change is greater than for persons who only hear the speech or for persons who read a prepared speech with emphasis solely on execution and manner of delivery The authors of these two studies explain their results mainly in terms of mental rehearsal and thinking up new arguments. Which situation would be last likely to result in a decrease of prejudice? The more you see someone, the more likely you are to _____ that person. In evaluating the total magnitude of dissonance one must take account of both dissonances and consonances. When her boyfriend refuses, she asks, "Well, will you at least wash the dishes then?" The reason for doing it, theoretically, was to make it easier for anyone who wanted to persuade himself that the tasks had been, indeed, enjoyable. // adblocker detected As the E and the S started to walk to the office where the interviewer was, the E said: "Thanks very much for working on those tasks for us. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. His hair is uncombed and he hasn't shaved in a few days. After you finish, the experimenter (Carlsmith) explains that the study concerns how expectations affect performance. When Gene goes out of town, he expects, in return, that Roger will water his plants. Solomon Asch, a social psychologist conducted a series of experiments called Asch conformity to study how the behavior of a certain group influence the behav Normative conformity is most commonly referred to as peer pressure, and is prevalent in our present society. The Ss were given a very good reason, in addition to being paid, for saying what they did to the waiting girl. Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance has been one . We are certainly justified in concluding that the Ss in the One Dollar condition did not improvise more nor act more convincingly. The 71 subjects were informed that the experiment focuses on the "Measures of Performance." The girl, an undergraduate hired for this role, said little until the S made some positive remarks about the experiment and then said that she was surprised because a friend of hers had taken the experiment the week before and had told her that it was boring and that she ought to try to get out of it. hXr8=fj*!US%mfy l8oIbR0Bn t7!g] %>))BI0` 98sUx GHM. Prev page|Page top|Chapter Contents|Next page [2] All statistical tests referred to in this paper are two-tailed. Among the paid participants, 5 had suspicions about getting paid for the designated task. Festinger, L. & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959) Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. A woman argues that it is morally wrong to kill animals for food becomes upset when she is asked to explain why she is wearing a leather belt and leather shoes. A police officer comes to Jane's office to discuss personal safety with the employees there. A rating of the amount of time in the discussion that the S spent discussing the tasks as opposed to going off into irrelevant things. Half of them were offered $1 to do it, and half of them were offered $20. You don't need our permission to copy the article; just include a link/reference back to this page. What happens to a person's private opinion if he is forced to do or say something contrary to that opinion? Participants in the $1 condition experience greater discomfort and agitation when lying about how fun the task was than do participants in the $20 condition. Specifically, they showed that if a person is forced to improvise a speech supporting a point of view with which he disagrees, his private opinion moves toward the position advocated in the speech. The participants were interviewed afterwards and were asked to rate the experiment in four areas (Cognitive Dissonance). Cognitive Dissonance | in Chapter 09: Motivation and Emotion In each group, the confederates wore identical glasses, with the participant/subject wearing a different set of glasses. Obviously, Gerard knows nothing about. Maria had fallen victim to the_______technique. The Ss were told it was necessary for the experiment. %%EOF How could they explain their own behavior to themselves? In all the comparisons, the Control condition should be regarded as a baseline from which to evaluate the results in the other two conditions. endobj The area of the brain that is most involved in aggression is the ______. Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) investigated if making people perform a dull task would create cognitive dissonance through forced compliance behavior. Behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy another person is referred to as. For an hour, you are required to perform dull tasks, such as turning wooden knobs again and again. Three Ss (one in the One Dollar and two in the Twenty Dollar condition) refused to take the money and refused to be hired. A follow-up psychiatric exam found no signs of psychological problems after 1 year. c5; Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) Term 1 / 8 aim Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 8 show that a person's private opinion will change to reduce dissonance when it conflicts with what they are forced to do Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by UorFawzi Terms in this set (8) aim When the participants were asked to evaluate the experiment, the participants who were paid only $1 rated the tedious task as more fun and enjoyable than the participants who were paid $20 to lie. Hum. In this way, they propose, the person who is forced to improvise a speech convinces himself. The subjects who received $1 did not have a very good reason to lie. Rating scale -5 to +5, Did the experiment give the subject an opportunity to learn about their own abilities? Therefore, this appears to support Festinger's notion of cognitive dissonance as a "motivational state of affairs" (Festinger, 1962), and greatly contrasts to self-perception theory, which is defined as an individual's ability to respond differentially to his own behaviour and its controlling variables, and is a product of social interaction . Alex was most likely engaging in________. According to research in interpersonal attraction, the most likely explanation for them to "find" each other is______. One group was being paid that amount to lie to the next subject about the boring experiment. More surprisingly, if you change a person's behavior, attitudes change to match the behavior. Which of the following is not a factor that influences attitude formation? [/PDF Sets of assumptions that people have about how different types of people, personality traits, ion. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-211. Which of the following represents an example of cognitive dissonance? Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith conducted a study on cognitive dissonance investigating on the cognitive consequences of forced compliance. In the first experiment designed to test these theoretical ideas, Aronson and Mills (1959) had women undergo a severe or mild "initiation" to become a member of a group.