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[3], In 1840, Young moved to Scott County, Illinois when the Latter Day Saints were expelled from Missouri. As the emigrants began to leave, Lee and the militia butchered the men, women, and most of the children. On August 29, 1877, Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City at. Brigham Young was a man well acquainted with life and death. On April 15, 1832, Young and his brother John were baptized into the Latter Day Saint Church of Christ. With the United States in control of the Great Salt Lake Valley region after the Mexican-American War, Young was appointed governor of the new Utah Territory in 1850. While it started with a small group of adherents, many historians regard read more, The political and religious leader Roger Williams (c. 1603?-1683) is best known for founding the state of Rhode Island and advocating separation of church and state in Colonial America. By the summer of 1877, Youngs health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. There's little data documenting the number of social . Recent studies, including my own, have found 55 well-documented marriages. Phineas' wife Clarissa was also baptized about this same time. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Throughout the revolution, Amid the tensions, however, a band of armed Mormons attacked a wagon train of non-Mormons heading west from Arkansas in a valley known as Mountain Meadows in September 1857. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Illustrated with Photographs. Young was born in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, the seventh child of John Young and Abigail Howe. Justice for his peoples wrongs was heavens responsibility, not his, he said. The two main contenders were James Jesse Strang and Brigham Young. Five days later the church president spoke to a congregation filled with many of the participants in the massacre. Hes still alive, isnt he?. Rockwell never directly denied the crime, even when he was tried for it, insisting, Ive never shot at anybody. There were several times when Brigham Young's life was spared or his health inexplicably restored, according to BYU professor of Mormon History Donald Q. Cannon ("Brigham Young on Life and Death"). Even though Young blessed it as a place to begin anew,his fears of continued religious persecution may have caused him to order a massacre. Young testified that Cowdery's last statements were on the truth of Mormonism as revealed through Joseph Smith. In return for surrendering their weapons, the emigrants would be allowed safe passage to Cedar City. What ever happened to Big Minnie of Tombstone? And in the fall of 1842, Brigham Young faced a mysterious and deadly illness. Adding fuel to Mormon rage, they argue, was the killing, a few months before the massacre, of Apostle Parley P. Pratt. Phineas Howe Young (also found as Phinehas) (February 16, 1799 October 10, 1879) was a prominent early convert in the Latter Day Saint movement and was later a Mormon pioneer and a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The nation was and remains horrified by what happened at Mountain Meadows. One wife of Apostle Orson Pratt actually died of neglect after getting sick while living in poverty because he wouldnt allocate enough money for her care. The five sons of John and Nabby Young From left to right: Lorenzo Dow, Brigham, Phineas H., Joseph, and John. He trudged around the United States and England to gain converts for Mormonism, spoke in spiritual tongues, married more than 50 women, and eventually transformed a barren desert into his vision of the Kingdom of God. (1975) "Letters of Brigham Young to His Sons Dean C. Jessee," BYU Studies Quarterly: Sidney Rigdon was, for a time, the second most powerful person in Mormonism. Over the next few decades, as thousands of Mormons arrived in Salt Lake City, the charismatic Young styled himself after the great prophets and leaders of ancient Israel, earning nicknames like Lion of the Lord and American Moses.. This week, as America mourned those lost in the terrorist attacks of 9/11, some Mormons quietly remembered another tragedy that took place on the same day 144 years earlier: the Mountain Meadows Massacre, in which a group of Mormons militia members killed about 120 men, women, and children in cold blood. Courtesy: Church History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. After a standoff of several days, the Mormons called a truce, only to massacre most of the wagon train party, including some 120 men, women and children. That question stumped me for years, and like many other Mormon mysteries the clues have been carefully purged from the records of Utahs past. How do you put shoes on a cloven-footed ox? Most Mormons are aware that Young instituted a ban on black people holding Church leadership positions and entering their temples, but few are aware of how extreme he was. President Brigham Young ordained his 11-year-old son John Willard Young as an apostle shortly after John received his temple endowment, though John never joined the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The council sought to create a Mormon-Indian alliance, and to make such an arrangement attractive to the Indians, Young allegedly told them that he would no longer stop them from stealing emigrant cattle on the California Trail. 52 or thereabouts. Brigham Young, second President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, better known as the Mormon Church, ranks among the most influential and important historical figures not just in Mormon, but also in American history. Young denounced Justice Perry Brocchus as either profoundly ignorant or corruptly wicked soon after his arrival, and ultimately all three federal officers gave up hopes of effective cooperation and left the territory. Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its read more. After five years researching and writing about this horrific atrocity, I doubted Id ever find a definitive answer to the question, Did Brigham Young order the murders at Mountain Meadows?, To my surprise, I found evidence that convinced me beyond a shadow of a doubt that Brigham Young issued orders (probably verbal) to kill everyone in the Fancher party except those of innocent bloodchildren under eight years of ageto fulfill his sacred vow to avenge the blood of the prophets Joseph and Hyrum Smith, and more specifically, Apostle Parley P. Pratt. The man's son was allegedly attacked by a fellow student who believed him to be a racist. Even in households where the men could afford their wives and offered them full financial support, sometimes jealousy and spite divided wives to the point that some would kill themselves to avoid having to live in heaven with their husbands and their sister wives. [Young] is not only the president here but he is the president of the states and kingdoms of this world no matter if they have not elected him. In a very real sense, Brigham Young was the law. Anti-Mormons have long claimed that Mormon leader Brigham Young ordered the massacre. Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company, John Willard Young, Brigham Young, and the Development of Presidential Succession in the LDS Church, There is room for my brown paper-doll family: 2 gospel truths I learned as a young girl that carry my faith, Bright lights in the desert: How Latter-day Saints have shaped Las Vegas culture, community, and politics, See the stunning winners of the Churchs International Art Competition. Are there books about other independent women of the early West? Born into poverty in Vermont in 1801, Young later moved with his family to western New York, where he worked as a carpenter and craftsman. Why did Brigham Young allegedly send a message telling Southern Utahns NOT to kill the emigrants unless he was countermanding previous orders? Young unambiguously condoned the attack afterwards. On April 15, 1832, Young and his brother John were baptized into the Latter Day Saint Church of Christ. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . Congress officially made polygamy illegal, killed by the estranged husband of one of Pratts polygamous wives. Most recently, Will Bagley made this case in his 2002 book, Blood of the Prophets. The following are a few facts necessary for an understanding of this terrible event in Western and Mormon history. Seeking a place where they could avoid the persecution that had driven them from Ohio and Missouri, Young and the other apostles planned a westward exodus of thousands of Mormons from the settlement in Nauvoo, Illinois to the Great Salt Lake Valley, then part of Mexico. After fleeing hostile forces in Missouri and Illinois, Mormons settled in the Salt Lake Valley under Brigham Young and from there established colonies all over the West as well as in Mexico. When the rumors expanded to include a claim that the pioneers were going to bring troops back from California to attack the Mormon settlements, a group of Mormons dressed as Native Americans attacked their wagon train and, after a three-day assault, killed all men, women, and children over the age of eight. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. He wasn't elected or picked to lead the Saints west, he was foreordained to lead them and gained their love and belief in his guidance. Mormon Historians Shed Light On Sept. 11, 1857. A disgraced former Geography professor at Mormon-founded Brigham Young University in Utah who was charged with sexually abusing a female students after allegedly telling her she needed to straddle . . Bad Hands 03. Church descriptions of the massacre typically begin by pointing out that it took place as the United States was sending a small army to impose the Federal will on Utah Territory. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. During Wyatt Earps later years, while he was living in Hollywood, were there any silent films or voice recordings made of him. It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots discharged properly" (Remembering Joseph" by Mark L. McConkie, 73-74). Conditions Governing Use Fears of Mormon aggression, as well as Mormons taking control of the county government, led to anti-Mormon sentiments among the residents of Gallatin, the seat of Daviess County. She demanded Mormon authorities listen to the cry of his blood and take swift vengeance against the Fancher train, which had left Arkansas long before Pratt was killed. Everybody (Source Codes) When it was over, men quarreled over responsibility, and many vowed that no one should ever know of their deadly work, including, presumably, Brigham Young. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. [5], Young was married to Lucy, the half-sister of Oliver Cowdery. Or did his belief in heavenly justice prove him an unlikely culprit? Luther spent his early years in relative anonymity as a monk and scholar. From deeply disturbing acts by its founder, Joseph Smith, to atrocities committed in the name of God in Utah, Mormonism has some very dark secrets that even most members of the Church dont know about. While several reasons for this statement may be suggested, most persuasive is the ebb and flow of the local decision-making during the weeklong event. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. Brigham Young urged every Mormon to resist the American military. The proclamation is very clear: . . Fifty-three years ago Juanita Brooks classic study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, concluded the crime was the result of one unfortunate circumstance after another. Justice John F. Kinney was appointed in 1854, and quickly fought with Young over statutes designed to protect polygamists. In 1852, Young publicly acknowledged Mormon polygamy. Such a day-by-day approach yields new understanding. Among other policies, he continued the limitations on African American participation in the church, instituting a ban on Black men receiving the Mormon priesthood. On August 29, 1877, Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City at the age of 76. He was removed from his post but, when Rigdon was still Smiths second-in-command, his input helped shape much of Mormon theology and he also gave the majority of important sermons to the earliest Mormon congregations. Tracklist: 01. Haight then turned the gun on himself. History is often presented to young students within a single interpretative framework with little suggestion of the existence of alternative historical interpretations. Even though Bennets claims were never directly supported by others, they were implicitly supported by William Law, the man who was Joseph Smiths right-hand man at the time. Called to organize and lead the Mormon Raiders which consisted of 100 men. How far apart were Wild Bill Hickok and Dave Tutt in their famous 1865 showdown in Springfield, Missouri? Youngs fiery discourses calling for blood and vengeance, his encouragement of Indian attacks on wagon trains and the lies he told to cover up the crime all show he was intimately involved in fomenting a vicious act of vengeance. Sources conflict. Apostle Heber Kimball went even further. There is room for my brown paper-doll family: 2 gospel truths I learned as a young girl that carry my faith, Bright lights in the desert: How Latter-day Saints have shaped Las Vegas culture, community, and politics, See the stunning winners of the Churchs International Art Competition. The latter is filed in sequential order in Youngs well-preserved and bound letter books. According to a BYU Scholars article, His speaking talent, organizational and leadership ability, and political sagacity were given untiringly to the service of his church. What type of electrical charge does a proton have? Brigham Young, December 12, 1850, daguerreotype. Polygamy, Brigham Young and His 55 Wives. HuffPost, August 27, 2012. He is called the "American Moses" because of his leadership of the "Mormon Exodus" to the western territories. Elder Jeffrey R. Holland of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints spoke Monday to staff at Brigham Young University (BYU) during the first day of the institution's 2021 University Conference.. When I learned that Orrin Porter Rockwell, the notorious Mormon lawman and Danite, had rushed Mrs. Pratt across the plains in record time, I knew what happened at Mountain Meadows. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. Brigham Young led one of the largest group migrations in American historyover 12,000 peopleto Salt Lake City, Utah. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. And why does the Deseret News continue lying about Mountain Meadows to this day? He was the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death. In 1853, he became the second counselor to David Fullmer in the presidency of the Salt Lake Stake of the church. Apparently I succeeded, since critics in the employ of the LDS Church claim I dont prove Brigham Young ordered the murders. She believed Gods legions would hunt them down in every land & place. With help from Mormon apostles in Missouri, Eleanor arrived in Utah on July 23, 1857, where she allegedly charged that men in the Fancher party had helped her first husband murder Apostle Pratt. Youngs defiant stance toward outside authority meant frequent clashes with the federal government, especially after the churchs public embrace of plural marriage in 1852. In an address he gave at General Conference (a semi-annual meeting of the Latter-day Saints), he announced, Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? Why did he threaten honest men who called for justice in the matter? DJ Ferguson, 31, is in dire need of a new heart, but Brigham and. Traditions abound for alums returning to campus and for students during Homecoming week, October 15-19, 2019. In this company, Young served as a captain of ten.[8]. She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. Young discouraged Mormons from cooperating with federal investigations into the massacre, propagating instead the theory that rogue Indians were solely responsible, an explanation that virtually nobody found credible. Young returned east to lead a second company of Mormons to the region in late 1847, and in 1848 was officially selected as the churchs new president. It turns out that she was actually wife No. As Compton explains of Joseph F. Smith's ordination, which would later have a significant impact on Church history: Though John Willard "was publicly sustained as an assistant counselor to Brigham," he focused most of his time on business endeavors and lived most of his life in New York, according to Compton. There are no other trains going south that I know of. The Latter-day Saint community [in Las Vegas is] vibrant across every facetpolitically, public service, charitable. And the suppressing of evidence, Andrew Hamilton said in 1735, ought always be taken for the best evidence.. With Congress repeatedly rejecting proposals for Utah statehood, Young firmly resisted the territorys involvement in the Civil War, especially after passage of the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act in 1862, which effectively outlawed plural marriage in U.S. territories. No evidence exists that the Indians at the council agreed to attack. The winners of the Church History Museums 12th International Art Competition have been announced, and the artwork is breathtaking. By John G. Turner. Young said that the company that was used up at Mountain Meadows were the fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, and connections of those that murdered the prophets; they merited their fate, and the only thing that ever troubled him was the lives of the women and children, but that under the circumstances this could not be avoided. Immediately the German community attacked the schools for giving a false picture of German culture. [6] Young was present in Richmond, Missouri when Cowdery died. The non-Mormons who were present at Rigdons sermon were rightfully alarmed. The Latter-day Saint community [in Las Vegas is] vibrant across every facetpolitically, public service, charitable. When Mormons turned up to vote on election day that year, a drunken brawl broke out that resulted in Mormons being blocked from accessing the polls. Anonymous. James Haslam, who rode the 500-mile circuit in six days, recalled, Young told me [when riding back south] . Polygamy has long been a blight on Mormonisms public relations. Americans enjoy a good mystery, and they like conspiracies. Learning how Eleanor McLean Pratt got to Salt Lake City convinced me Brigham Young did it. The 12th Mrs. Pratt had buried her polygamous husband Parley in Arkansas the previous May, and she was obsessed with exacting vengeance from his murderers. In 1835, the Three Witnesses selected Young as one of the inaugural members of the Quorum of the Twelve. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Numerous records, including journal entries from those who experienced the attack and affidavits sworn against the Mormon mob, included allegations that the Mormon mob forced pregnant women and children out into the cold, stole livestock, and took prisoners for interrogation. The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. A final investigation ultimately resulted in Lees execution in 1877, and other conspirators successfully going into hiding. He stopped at the cairn the U.S. Armys First Dragoons had raised in 1859 over the grave of the emigrants whose scattered bones they had collected and buried. Young considered all of the United States culpable for the death of Joseph Smith, and added an oath of vengeance to the Mormon temple endowment: You and each of you do covenant and promise that you will pray and never cease to pray to Almighty God to avenge the blood of the prophets upon this nation, and that you will teach the same to your children and to your childrens children unto the third and fourth generation.. Isaac Haights stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt Lake City for Youngs advice on September 6. But Matt Easton, 24, political science valedictorian at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah said the timing was right to tell 10,000 people he was gay. They were murdered by a small Mormon militia and its Indian allies in a horrible ploy: after a four-day gun battle with their attackers, the pioneers accepted a truce that turned out to be a deadly lie. On September 11, 1857, 120 men, women and childrenpioneers from Arkansas headed for Californiawere massacred after being promised safe passage through a Southern Utah valley known as Mountain Meadows. On September 4, Mormon stake president and major in the Nauvoo Legion Isaac Haight ordered Legion member John D. Lee to lead an attack on the company. Appointed governor by President Millard Fillmore, Brigham Young was able to continue imposing his will on the territory politically as well as ecclesiastically. Young undertook a careful study of the book and eventually passed it on to others in his family, including his brothers Brigham, Joseph and John. In 1830, Young was contacted by Samuel H. Smith, a missionary in the recently established Latter Day Saint movement. In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. The emigrants passed through Salt Lake City in early August, and headed south. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today.