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Learn More. Int J Pharm Investig. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. Accessibility 2013;43(4):287303. Drug Deliv. Nair SS. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. Guner, Ali (1999). Data File Dextran. 2016;9706:97061E6. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. Format), Citation-(EndNote The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. In this work, the human cadaver skin was treated to confirm the skin regeneration after the application of the microporation device. Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. The effect of branching is best recognized from the molecular weight dependencies of []. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. Drug Deliv. There is a formula that used to calculate the radius (in Angstrom) from the molar mass (in g/mol) of dextran, a=0.33*(MM^0.46) where, a and MM are Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. In this sense, the largest deviations were obtained for the highest molecular weight (580-2000kDa with values from 0.8467 to 0.7346). Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. Structural characterization of a new dextran with a low degree of branching produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045B dextransucrase. The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. 2012;3(1):208. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. For simplicity, macromolecules are treated as rigid molecules for a hydrodynamic study. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 23, 135-141. Journal of Physical Chemistry. WebFluorescein isothiocyanatedextran average mol wt 60,000-76,000; CAS Number: 60842-46-8; Synonyms: FITCDextran; find Sigma-Aldrich-FD70S MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. (2003). Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. Figure5 shows the cumulative amount of the FITC-dextran (M.W. Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). The permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FITC-dextrans) with different molecular weights through the pig and human cadaver skins were measured using Franz diffusion cell. (1958). Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826. They concluded that a power law behavior seems to be approached only in the small molecular weight region. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. 2004;25(9):155967. Analytical Chemistry. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Our portfolio includes for example derivatives of dextran, polysucrose, inulin and more. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which European. Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. Masuelli, M. A. A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. J. Braz. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. Exp Cell Res. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Correspondence to Fusco V, Quero GM, Cho GS, Kabisch J, Meske D, Neve H, Bockelmann W, Franz CM. (1998). WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. J. Braz. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. J Cosmet Laser Ther. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol J Appl Toxicol. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. Corp. (Seoul, Korea). Drug Discov Today Technol. Banga AK. Recent Pat. ; Wood, P.J. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. A single frequency laser is directed to the sample contained in a cuvette. Treatment of acne scars by fractional bipolar radiofrequency energy. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. 151-166. ; van Nostrum, C.F. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly Format). TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The intrinsic viscosity can be easily calculated by the Solomon-Ciuta single-point equation [44, 45]. Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Springer Nature. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. Google Scholar. Drug deliv. 8. Dextran Fractions. Quintanilla-Pineda M, Achou CG, Daz J, Gutirrez-Falcon A, Bravo M, Herrera-Muoz JI, Pea-Navarro N, Alvarado C, Ibaez FC, Marzo F. Foods. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). However, in vitro investigations are very few. Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. (2008). The human and pig skin samples were placed in the receiver chamber of the Transdermal diffusion cell system with the SC facing up and the donor chamber was fixed in place. By studying the molecular weights of various solutions of polymer, Solomon-Ciuta arrived at the formula which allowed the calculation of the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions by a single viscosity determination. 2010;4(1):117. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. Gums and stabilisers for the Food Industry, 5, 447-450. Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. Ind. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. Radiofrequency with microneedling. The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. Catiker, E.; Guner, A. Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. Springer Editions. Dextran consists of -D glucose units with a majority of (16) glucosidic linkages between them. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm).