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Eating behaviours and other eating-related characteristics of the Phase 1 sample. A limited body of data indicates that the dietary behaviours of UK university students are not conducive to either short- or long-term health. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012;58:10918 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22407132. Where absolute quantities of consumption were given, these were converted into number of portions consumed per day. [cited 2012 Mar 13]. 2014;39:50813. 2007;10:20311. 2010. UK) is too high (NHS Choices 2014). His experiences are steadily being accumulated through over 9 years of working seamlessly in the nutritional discipline at local and regional institutions. PubMed I have worked in the United Kingdom . This study also highlights a number of future research needs. Compliance with lifestyle (different from diet) recommendations by sex in the population under study: students of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), EHU12/24 study(Mean values and standard deviations, percentages), Table 4. For each retained dietary component a GLM was fitted with demographic variables only (Group 1). Guo SS, Huang C, Maynard LM, Demerath E, Towne B, Chumlea WC, et al. Furthermore students following this pattern were also more likely to smoke, have frequent consumption of take-aways and pre-prepared foods and engage in lower levels of physical activity. M. E. Barker. Only intake of total sugars (energy-adjusted) was strongly and negatively correlated with the convenience, red meat & alcohol pattern (r=0.577; P<0.01). Accommodation. Half the men of the 1946 generation were overweight by the time they were 41, compared to age 30 for men born in 1970. Methods: A cross-sectional . It has identified a number of antecedents of both healthful and unhealthful dietary practices. We obtained weight change by subtracting, for each individual, self-reported weights collected at the different time points. The University of Sheffield was its sponsor. Students with poor cooking ability were less likely to adopt healthier (vegetarian; health-conscious) diets than their more skilled counterparts. The findings of the study should be considered within the context of its limitations. 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Obesity and overweight in children have steadily increased in recent decades in developed and developing countries. and The second dietary component had high positive factor loadings for biscuits, cakes and sweet pastries, milk- and cream-based desserts, confectionery, crisps and savoury snacks, fruit juice, other bread, pizza and fizzy drinks. Eat Weight Disord9:163-169. Dedes, Vassilis Article Furthermore, use of an FFQ allowed dietary intake to be captured over a 3-month semester and facilitated recruitment of a large, geographically diverse sample, albeit a convenience one. Age groups were prominent in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in males, but an exception in females. Addict. The authors gratefully acknowledge Professor Peter Emery at Kings College London and Dr. Penelope Nestel at The University of Southampton for their assistance in administration of the survey. Kenyon PM, Barker ME. either in the overweight or obese category. Key messages Of the different sedentary behaviour types, TV viewing is most consistently related with higher body mass index (BMI) and large waist circumference in both sexes. 2011;111:100411. Google Scholar. Students attending the University of Sheffield were least likely to adopt a health-conscious dietary pattern. 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Por lo tanto, la puntuacin mxima para el ICD fue de 50 puntos. The inactivity at different ages it is a major problem for most countries. Less healthful dietary patterns were positively associated with lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, low physical activity and take-away consumption. Attendance at Ulster University (p<0.001) was independently associated with lower scores. In particular, the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Spanish university students is about 20 % ( 10 - 12). Female students favoured the vegetarian pattern, whilst male students preferred the convenience, red meat & alcohol pattern. Infrequent consumption of meals prepared from raw ingredients (p<0.001), and frequent consumption of pre-prepared foods (p<0.001) and ready meals/take-aways (p<0.001) were also independently associated with high snacking pattern scores. First, recall bias inherent in a convenience sample cannot be ruled out. It's given me a unique perspective and deeper understanding of the complex wider social and economic determinants of health. 2022. 2005;25:84161. Dietary behaviours and sociocultural demographics in Northern Ireland. A blossoming field of study. 1998;30:18598 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9573452. Moreover, well documented studies have identiied the need to . 2000;24:162835. Numbers of students excluded based on fulfilment of various eligibility criteria. With respect to other lifestyles such as PA, probably cultural practices and childhood habits can be associated with a higher PA level in men than women(Reference Trost, Pate and Sallis86). All authors contributed to revisions and approval of the final manuscript. 2017). There has been a substantial rise in the number of obese children in England during the pandemic, data from NHS Digital suggests. Otsuki, Naoko Health promoting behaviours and lifestyle characteristics of students at seven universities in the UK. Participation Rates in Higher Education: Academic Years 2006/20072013/2014. For example, it is recognised that adoption of a vegetarian diet is related to concern about the environment and animal welfare, as well as for health reasons and weight management [35, 36]. 2009;2:15765 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054220. Convenience, red meat, alcohol and vegetarian dietary choices are likely to be influenced by a raft of social, cultural and political factors, which have not been included in the model. The largest effects (magnitudes of ORs) were found for the variables breakfast skipping and PA level in men, and for adherence to the Mediterranean diet in women. Google Scholar. Risk factors of overweight/obesity-related lifestyles Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521001483, Reference Vadeboncoeur, Townsend and Charlie Foster, Reference Cutillas, Herrero and de San Eustaqui, Reference Balgoon, Al-Zahrani and Alkhattabi, Reference Coli Bari, Satali and Lukesi, Reference El Ansari, Stock and Mikolajczyk, Reference Hultgren, Turrisi and Cleveland, Reference El Ansari, Ssewanyana and Stock, Reference Lieberman, Marriott and Williams, Reference Bennasar-Veny, Yaez and Jordi Pericas, Reference Moreno-Gmez, Romaguera-Bosch and Tauler-Riera, Reference Telleria-Aramburu, Rocandio and Rebato, Reference Marfell-Jones, Olds and Stewart, Reference Bray, Bouchard, James, Bray, Bouchard and James, Reference Telleria-Aramburu, Alegria-Lertxundi and Arroyo-Izaga, Reference Romaguera, Gracia-Lavedan and Molinuevo, Reference Sotos-Prieto, Bhupathiraju and Falcon, Reference Carbajal, Snchez-Muniz, Garca-Arias and Garca- Fernndez, Reference Ortega, Lpez-Sobaler and Andrs, Reference Panagiotakos, Milias and Pitsavos, Reference Garca-Meseguer, Cervera and Vico, Reference Panagiotakos, Pitsavos and Stefanadis, Reference Healton, Vallone and McCausland, Reference Zaccagni, Barbieri and Gualdi-Russo, Reference Jaalouk, Matar Boumosleh and Helou, Reference Garca-Meseguer, Delicado-Soria and Serrano-Urrea, Reference Whatnall, Patterson and Brookman, Reference Vereecken, Covents and Sichert-Hellert, Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network, Lifestyle risk factors of students: a cluster analytical approach, Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among university students from 22 countries, A meta-analysis of weight gain in first year university students: is freshman 15 a myth, Addressing nutritional issues in the college-aged client: strategies for the nurse practitioner, Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and dieting attitudes among Caucasian and African American college students in Eastern North Carolina: a cross-sectional survey, Prevalence of overweight/obesity and central obesity and its associated factors among a sample of university students in India, Prevalence of overweight and central obesity and their relationship with blood pressure among college students in Shandong, China, Estudio de hbitos alimentarios y estilos de vida de los universitarios espaoles (Study of Food Habits and Lifestyles of Spanish University Students). Allman-Farinelli, Margaret Nutrition Journal Weight gain and obesity among university students is therefore a recognized health issue. Nishida, Makoto Results Two-hundred sixty-eight articles were included comprising . Panoutsopoulos, Georgios I. Northstone K, Emmett PM. 2013;17:147685. It is also possible that dietary differences observed between universities may arise because of socioeconomic gradients across universities. Details of the constituent foods comprising the 55 foods/food groups entered into the PCA. There were also high factor loadings for fried food, pasta and rice, ready-made sauces, pizza, chips, alcoholic drinks, processed meat, red meat and offal, and eggs; there was a strong negative factor loading for low fat/low calorie yogurts. Maternal education data for Ulster, KCL, St Andrews & Southampton corroborated these differences (data for University of Sheffield not available). In Model 2 (demographic variables & food/eating related variables), female gender (p<0.001), middle age group (p=0.020), greatest self-reported cooking ability (p=0.036), least frequent consumption of pre-prepared foods (p=0.047) and lower consumption of animal products (p=0.036) were independently associated with higher vegetarian pattern scores. If both of your parents have obesity, your likelihood of developing obesity is as high as 80%. Owing to these significant associations, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were used to explore relationships with dietary patterns scores. The lack of association between university attended and consumption of the convenience, red meat & alcohol diet also deserves attention. An independent inverse association between living alone in private accommodation and score on this pattern approached significance (p=0.053). FFQs are not optimal for the measurement of absolute dietary intake, but the use of a dietary pattern approach permitted ranking according to food group intake and so was considered appropriate. These universities had responded positively to an invitation to participate in the research study; contact was made via university Human Nutrition or Health Sciences departments. The sociodemographic characteristics of the sample are shown in Table1. Research activity also includes future proofing dietary assessment methodologies, dietary modelling for more . Finally, 45% of the current sample reported limited (or non-existent) cooking ability, being at best only able to cook a limited range of meals from raw ingredients. Li, Hongjuan Additionally, reporting being able to cook a wide range of meals from raw ingredients (p=0.002), daily consumption of meals made from raw ingredients (p<0.001) and pre-prepared foods (p=0.002), greatest amount of money spent on food (50/week) (p<0.001), at least occasional consumption of animal products (p<0.001) and infrequent skipping of breakfast (p<0.001) were independently associated with higher health-conscious pattern scores. Slattery ML. Int J Obes. There was a weak negative correlation between the vegetarian pattern and energy intake (r=0.096; p<0.01), but a weak positive correlation between the health-conscious pattern and energy intake (r=0.271; P<0.01). Attitudes towards meat-eating in vegetarian and non-vegetarian teenage girls in England--an ethnographic approach. Anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics, Alcohol consumption among university students in Ireland and the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2014: a systematic review, Systematic estimation of BMI. Tanton J, Dodd LJ, Woodfield L, Mabhala M. Eating Behaviours of British University Students: A Cluster Analysis on a Neglected Issue. The survey was conducted between Autumn 2013 and Spring 2015. Wrieden WL, Anderson AS, Longbottom PJ, Valentine K, Stead M, Caraher M, et al. Obesity is associated with a long list of chronic health conditions, many of which become more difficult to treat over time. The snacking pattern was strongly positively correlated with energy-adjusted non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) (r=0.524; P<0.01). 1999. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. J Am Diet Assoc. Just over one-third of students were studying a health-related degree. Television watching is a strong obesity risk factor, in part because exposure to food and beverage advertising can influence what people eat. 2010;64:97886. Thabethe was a final year Bsc Dietics and Human Nutrition student at the University of KwaZulu Natal when she was crowned the Miss SA runner up in 2022. Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Larson N, Eisenberg M, Loth K. Dieting and disordered eating behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood: findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. Frequencies of consumption in the questionnaire were expressed as follows: every day=7/week, through to once per week=1/week; once every 23weeks (F)=0.5/week; rarely/never (R)=0. University students represent a substantial proportion (50%) of the UK young adult population [1] and an individuals university career may be influential in the establishment of long-term eating patterns and thus chronic disease risk. This study utilized longitudinal data from the NYC Fitnessgram . The cut-offs for implausible energy intakes in the Nurses Health Study (<500 Kcal/day and>3500 Kcal/day) and Healthcare Professionals Follow-up Study (<800 Kcal/day or>4200 Kcal/day) were used to identify and exclude participants reporting implausible energy intakes the current study. Data collection was preceded by a pilot study, which was used to refine the web-survey. Uni-versity students. Societies, clubs and culture. We would also like to acknowledge Anthony Johns from Tinuviel Software for his assistance in setting up the online survey. Zhang, Ting Replication of this research among a large representative sample of UK university students would be pertinent. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was noted among the study sample, particularly male students. Food intake varied amongst university students. Obes Facts. Finally, the fourth component was labelled convenience, red meat & alcohol, because it had high factor loadings for red meat and savoury foods requiring little or no preparation, and it was the only component with a positive loading on alcoholic drinks. Woodruff SJ, Hanning RM, Lambraki I, Storey KE, McCargar L. Healthy eating index-C is compromised among adolescents with body weight concerns, weight loss dieting, and meal skipping. Universities in particular may represent a setting in which dietary behaviours are open to change and large groups of young adults can be reached, representing an appropriate target for health promotion efforts. Further studies are needed to confirm the complex interconnection between underlying factors of overweight/obesity. The first component explained 8.4% variance; the three remaining components explained 5.7%, 4.2% and 3.4% of the variance in food intake respectively. Nakanishi, Kaori Although there is some evidence that dietary behaviours track from adolescence to adulthood [5, 6], the transition from home to university life has been associated with unfavourable changes to food intake: increases in alcohol and sugar intake, and decreases in fruit and vegetable consumption have been reported [7]. JC & LKP facilitated recruitment of students from the University of St Andrews and Ulster University, respectively. Obesity. Obesity is a severe public health problem that has reached epidemic levels and is developing rapidly. The first dietary component had high positive factor loadings ( 0.32) for pulses, beans and lentils, tofu, meat alternatives, hummus, nuts, and other green vegetables and salad items. Consequently, the prominence of the vegetarian and health-conscious dietary patterns may have been over-estimated in this study. Mccourt HJ, Draffin CR, Woodside JV, Cardwell CR, Young IS, Hunter SJ, et al. Richmond R . The authors responsibilities were as follows: EFS, JMR & MEB conceived and designed the study. 3, 4 Preventing overweight in children is expected to be a promising approach to reducing obesity and This data is gathered as part of the National Child Measurement Programme and published by NHS Digital. However, the tendency for students at the University of Sheffield to score lowest on a health-conscious diet is not in line with this explanation. Tzirogiannis, Konstantinos Appetite. Privacy Ruby MB. Approximately 30% of students reported that they skipped breakfast at least most days. Chen, Xiaomei Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Researchers from the University of Cambridge and Boston Children's Hospital have discovered a genetic cause of severe obesity which, although rare, raises new questions about weight gain and energy use. Pigott S, Bates B, Nass L. Socio-demographic characteristics of the NDNS RP sample - National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Neither the UPV/EHU nor the Basque Government played a role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Adv Prev Med. Obesity is a critical lifestyle factor that increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension [ 1 ], diabetes [ 2 ], and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [ 3 ], and increases mortality [ 4 ]. Indeed it is noteworthy that these two patterns were additionally positively correlated with energy intake and did not feature fruit and vegetables; dependence on such a pattern may increase risk of positive energy balance and hence weight gain. Students provided their self-reported weight in kilograms (kg), pounds (lbs) or stone (st) and their height in metres (m) or feet (ft). Finally, the public health impact of dietary patterns and other lifestyle risk factors established during university become most important if these behaviours track forward into working adult life and represent a blueprint for long-term dietary preferences. Dietary patterns of men in the ALSPAC: associations with socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, nutrient intakes and comparison with womens dietary patterns. Obesity is the most common medical condition in women of reproductive age. (Do the Spanish University students follow Mediterranean dietary patterns? This population also represents a group of young adults with a set of unique factors driving dietary intake: the transition to university life may be associated with increased autonomy over food choice, small food budgets, and exposure to new social groups and food cultures. Among men, a moderate/low PA level, breakfast skipping, a non-adequate breakfast duration and number of EO and eating breakfast alone or depending on the occasion; and among women, a low MDS, a moderate/high alcohol consumption, a non-adequate sleep duration, eating breakfast and lunch alone or depending on the occasion were associated with excess BF. According to a survey in 2021, 44% of college students in the US described their weight as more than normal, i.e. Introduction. Matsushita, Taisuke Lennox A, Prynne C, Swan G, Roberts C, Steer T, Pell D, et al. This dietary pattern was labelled vegetarian, because there was a clear tendency towards consumption of non-meat protein sources and avoidance of all meat and fish products. The prevalence of obesity is relatively high (36.8%) among UB students. Why College Students are Obese (And How it Affects Them) Food insecurity an issue impacting 25.4% of college students increases the odds of obesity by 3.16-5.13 times. Clustering of lifestyle risk factors with dietary patterns was also evident, with less healthful dietary patterns associated with smoking, low physical activity and take-away consumption. Each participant gave informed consent on the first page of the web-survey.