The attribution theorist Harold Kelley proposed that people make use of three types of information when they make attributions for others' behaviors. If you made an internal, unstable attribution for Roger's promotion, then you might think to yourself, "Roger probably worked really hard to get that promotion!". The three types of social influence are information social influence, situational factors, and normative social influence. -consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness. Social psychologists would say that Mr. X is making __________ attributions for Bush's success, while Mr. Y is making __________ attributions. When people believe they can affect the dice by blowing on them they are experiencing the, People are faster to classify the target word "flower" when it is preceded by the word "plant" than when it is preceded by the word "elephant." Psychologists have often attributed the false-consensus effect to a desire to view one's thoughts as appropriate, normal, and correct, and a plethora of experimental evidence has supported the phenomenon. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. B. the duration A. he is self-handicapping If one person is "different" somehow, it allows other people to avoid conforming. This is because many of them were extremely poor, did not own cars or phones, and did not have friends or family nearby; it was virtually impossible for them to evacuate the hurricane area when they heard the hurricane warnings. b. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events. and more. . If Raquel is like most people, then she will MOST likely. Some even held and attended 'coronavirus parties'! This cognitive bias tells us that our "sense" is common sense and that differing opinions are "abnormal.". D. social comparison, Your best friend earned a grade of F on her latest physics exam, and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam. Many people don't quit smoking despite all the negative health information available. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. Which of the following is an explanation for the false consensus effect, but not an explanation for the false uniqueness effect? D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. So when a task is ambiguous or difficult and people want to be correct, they look to others for information. One of your professors has apparently just lost his job. D. the looking-glass self, Your self-esteem would correlate closely with what others think of you and your group if you were in a(n) ______ culture. Meanwhile, Jim thought the book was witty and provocative, and he seems to think that the reviewer shares HIS views. D. remains constant. A. planning fallacy B. terror management theory C. underestimating D. internal locus of control; self-concept, In the U.S., those living in Hawaii and the deep South exhibit more _______ than those living in the Mountain West states. B. clinical depression Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like After reading a story in the local newspaper about a recent robbery in the downtown area, Kerry remarks, "I'm not surprised he was robbed. C. learned hopelessness C. moderate C. high Suppose that a coin is flipped 20 times. The _________ is also known as the better-than-average effect and the Lake Wobegon effect. In a recent study, Gentile et al. B. education The so-called illusory correlation can MOST directly help explain. Marshabecause of the simulation heuristic, Suppose that you are a landlord for an apartment building, and one of your tenants, Gus, has just paid his rent with a "bad check" (i.e., you tried to deposit his rent check in the bank, but the check "bounced" and was returned to you). A. excel. When asked whether it is more likely that Ingrid is (a) a teacher, or (b) both politically liberal and a teacher, most people answer (b). B. self-serving bias D. self-efficacy, According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to ______ and our losses to _______. A. a self-fulfilling prophecy 16 ce tv This happens because the responsibility for a task is spread across all members of the group. a. Elenita is from a relatively sheltered background. D. an internal locus of control, Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. This is known as: B. the corpus collosum A. jill D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. C. individuality By choosing (b), however, most people are committing, As a child, the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy was once challenged by his older brother to remain standing in a corner until he could stop thinking of a white bear. Whether tackling a problem set or studying for a test, Quizlet study sets help you retain key facts about False Uniqueness Effect. C. relationships. Milgram's Electric Shock study tests the concept of obedience. B. B. self-handicapping The test requires people to look at the written names of several colors ("green," "red," "blue," etc. D. other-centered, Jill just began a new relationship with Pete. The fact that men and women report having had very different numbers of sex partners can be almost completely explained by the fact that men have engaged in more homosexual sex. magical thinking. C. thoughts D. self-presentation, Who is MOST likely to have an independent sense of self? Brian's thinking most clearly reflects A. the false uniqueness effect. the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. Social psychologists refer to this kind of pattern as an, People generally prefer to conserve effort by relying on automatic modes of thought (rather than, Suppose that you are at a departmental meeting at work, and one of your co-workers starts screaming at you and calling you a "stupid freak." At the end of each paragraph, he stops and asks himself what the paragraph was about. Sociology is the study of groups of people. Mr. X thinks that George W. Bush became president of the U.S. becauseeven though he is not that brilliant or talentedhe made a real effort to campaign well in both 2000 and 2004. B. terror management theory True b. D. the self-serving bias, The habit of using how we imagine another person perceiving us, as a mirror for perceiving ourselves, is referred to as: D. learned helplessness, Our self-concept is fed by our roles, our social identity, our comparisons, and by: Social facilitation is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone. D. see ourselves as better than the average person, D. see ourselves as better than the average person, According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions. Thus, sometimes individuals tend to believe that others are more similar to them than is actually the case. The so-called "self-serving bias" refers to the tendency for people to. -After ordering a cheeseburger for lunch, Dorothy thinks to herself, "well, my diet is already blown for the day; I might as well order a dessert too." What is an example of false uniqueness effect? C. self-efficacy They forget that there is a difference between the level of knowledge they have on the topic compared to . C. progressives; traditionalists The first instinct fallacy refers to the false belief that it is better not to change one's first answer even if one starts to think that a different answer is correct. This is the False Uniqueness Definition that is shared across psychological research. C. progressives; traditionalists Positives and Negatives of the Self-Serving Bias C. much less prejudiced than others What is an example of impact bias? Researchers have called this misperception a false social reality, a form of pluralistic ignorance. D. there is no immune neglect, In Savitsky and Gilovich's study, public speakers who were informed about the illusion-of-transparency phenomenon felt: Scarcity of resources Flashcards. D. traditionalists; progressives, A person's answer to the question "Who am I?" In Asch's study, the correct answer/behavior was obvious and when making such judgments alone, almost no mistakes were made. If we persist despite initial failures: A. high self-esteem Deindividuation involves loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity. D. undecided, _______ is defined as the beliefs about the self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information. B. raise; increase B. compared to 20 years ago, fewer love songs today are considered "sappy love songs" B. overestimate C. the false consensus effect. C. the right hemisphere thinking about her boyfriend even more than she was before. The false uniqueness effect is the tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors. The false consensus effect is the tendency to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and unsuccessful behaviors. mate, we observe the false consensus effect. False Consensus Effect. A. failure and distance ourselves from success This bias is often measured by looking at the difference between estimates that people make about how many of their peers share a certain trait or behaviour and the actual . C. peaks and then drops sharply A. independent self B. low self-esteem C)Volunteering to give blood. B. compare ourselves to strangers The three factors that impact conformity are unanimity of the group, mode of responding, and status of group members. A. self-schemas A. internal D. self-value, What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? ", In theory, it would be possible for a child to have a script of. -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. Polina is 3 years old. This may sound complicated, but it simply means . Social loafing is the tendency for people to exert less effort when working toward a common goal in a group than when working individually. The false uniqueness effect is: A) approval; knowledge B) knowledge; approval C) compliance; conformity D) conformity; compliance, Some critics of Milgram's study, such as Haslam and his colleagues, have suggested that the behavior of the participants can be . B. self-aggrandizement Research indicates that people are especially likely to engage in the false consensus effect when it comes to __________, and especially likely to engage in the false uniqueness effect when it comes to __________. A. no different from those with low self-esteem B. self-handicapping Most people with high self-esteem value individual achievement and relationships with others. C. 50%; 50% B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events C. successfully predict The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as the conjunction fallacy. The false uniqueness effect is. B. low self-esteem That is, it can be __________ in different ways. Moving to another question will save this response. I would have gotten an A+ too. Given the research on cognitive errors and biases, it can be concluded that. The covariation principle was proposed by Harold Kelley. He then selects the 5 students with the highest scores for a special reading program. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. Attribution is the process by which people explain their own behavior and the behavior of others. Research indicates that __________ and __________ are the two main motivations underlying the self-serving bias. As described in the textbook, current theory and research suggests that humans may have evolved to have especially large and powerful brains largely in order to, When buying a new car, people tend to look at statistical information and case history information. Explain the difference between screening decisions and preference decisions. the false uniqueness effect. Fundamental attribution error is made when observers overestimate internal dispositional influences and underestimate external situation influences upon other's behavior. D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, Persons from western cultures (e.g., America, England), relative to persons from eastern cultures (e.g., China, Korea), tend to: The "correspondence bias" is another term that is used to refer to. Even though stomach cancer kills more people than plane crashes do, most people tend to assume that plane crashes cause more deaths. A)Lying to a friend to avoid embarrassment. B. weak In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, many people were stranded without access to food, shelter, or other resources. D. headlight effect, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. She is trying to take her mind off of her ex-boyfriend, though, and to focus her attention on other things instead. D. Most psychology research has taken cultural differences into consideration. Add to folder A. the intensity the false uniqueness effect. What decision barriers must marketers overcome if consumers are aware of the Diderot effect? C. rewards and distance ourselves from punishment Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. 110.Brian watches smugly as the car ahead of his is pulled over for speeding. the illusory correlation. A. collective narcissism B. low; low B. social comparison Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people change their attitudes to reduce the cognitive discomfort created by inconsistencies between their attitudes and their behavior. A. self-esteem She assumes that the students will stare at her and comment on her hair color. At the end of the reading program, he administers the same reading exam again. Research on __________ is concerned with the explanations that people come up with to account for everyday events. If you have a schema about graduate students, then. Attractive request -> less attractive request. A. self-handicapping Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: This effect is due to, Hilder is on the so-called "South Beach diet", which restricts her from eating foods that are high in carbohydrates (e.g., white bread, potato chips, and pretzels). to underestimate the number of other. Suls and Wan (1987) extend the motivational account and propose that false uniqueness can contribute to one's self esteem A. more nervous while speaking When people encounter information that is at odds with an existing schema. B. self-monitoring After the winning touchdown was scored he said "This has made my month and nothing is going to bring me down from this!" When researchers survey men and women about the number of sex partners they have had, they tend to find that men report far more partners than womenwhich would seem to be logically impossible. In other words, you have a __________ for what needs to be done at restaurants. D. self-concept, Joe was delighted when his favorite team won the Super Bowl. B. low self-esteem C. impression management B. skill; chance C. worse about their appearance while speaking Social psychologists use the term __________ to refer to activating a concept in mind. A. school performance In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS. This was early evidence of the phenomenon known as. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. C. focused on having positive relationships D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? The essay was always about Castro, but it was either pro-Castro or anti-Castro. D. knowing others better than we know ourselves, In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird) cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)? (2010) found that U.S. college students' most common score on a self-esteem measure was: C. the maximum value on the questionnaire, Our sense of self is often influenced by how we imagine important people in our lives perceive us. It appears that, in making these kinds of interpretations, such people were actually making, The fundamental attribution error is sometimes also known as. D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. Agreeing to a request is to _____ as obeying a command . These two types of fathers represent John's: Consider a person betting on coin tosses, and the previous five outcomes were all Heads. C. individuality When most people think of the concept "sleeping," they also tend to think about concepts like "dreaming," "being tired," and "yawning." Even though you are not actually ill at all, as you walk home from the hospital you do so with a slight limp, and begin lightly coughing. B. family situation The fact that we usually attribute more responsibility to our partners than to ourselves when problems arise in a relationship is an example of how: Which of the following will NOT help debias someones thinking? Even though Vlad never actually exercises, you have always assumed that he is an athlete because he hangs around at the gym (like other athletes), drinks bottled water nonstop, and wears sweat suits everywhere. The false consensus effect. A. the left hemisphere After that meeting, Elenita decides that Hispanics in general must be independent and outspoken. 1 / 36. D. large, non-competitive university, You attend a self-help discussion group, where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers, directors, and actors of their own lives. Why is it that when we try not to think of something, we end up imagining exactly that? You have created 2 folders. B. we are all in this together Some income from capital is taxed twice. D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, You have tried to study for an exam with flashcards, with a friend, and with your notes - all to no avail. B. self-schema A. compare ourselves to close friends A. hoped-for possible self B. collectivistic D. low, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. In Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996), participants who were in the rude priming condition were more likely to. According to the attribution theorist Harold Kelley, people make attributions for others' behaviors -according to the covariation principle. Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answerand then changed it to an incorrect answeras opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: D. social contrast, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. humans have the largest area of cortex proportionate to their body size than any other animal. D)Failing your first social psychology exam. What percent of women in Western countries change their last names to adopt their husbands last name when they marry? -People use themselves as an "anchor" when judging others. A. chance; skill Research shows that they tend to be more influenced by. The false consensus effect is the tendency people have to overestimate how much other people agree with their own beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and values. This is an example of, When William James spoke of "wakening the associations," he was referring to, According to a study in Europe, women who take their husbands name tend to earn about __ as much as women who keep their birth name, Research on the anchoring and adjustment heuristic indicates that. people who share one's most prized. Vocab Level E Unit 5 - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world!. Definition. Social Psychology Midterm - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! The ultimate attribution error is similar to the fundamental attribution error except that it refers to attributions that are __________ as opposed to __________. Infosys Interview Questions and Answers Infosys. C. social rank A. transparency effect C. they move on and try to do better C. large, selective university D. lower the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, A study by Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts. Josh's wishes and fears constitute his: A. self-reference This pattern is known as, Reducing errors and biasing by getting people to use controlled rather than automatic processing is called, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"PSY330 - Chapter 5","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/psy330-chapter-5-3854445","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. The older students get, the more variance there is in their reading test scores. Please select the correct language below. When you go to a restaurant, you know that there is a certain sequence of things that you need to do: (a) wait to be seated, (b) order, (c) eat, and then (d) pay. She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. How can you change an implicit attitude? Jan. 2014. This study explored which concept mentioned in the text? Examples of false consensus effect include believing that all people think that saving the environment is important because you feel that way, believing that all of your married friends must want to have children, because you believe that the only benefit of marriage is procreation, believing that all of your friends D. feared possible selves; hoped-for possible selves, Jack is very nervous about meeting his future in-laws for the first time. A. self-concept; self-schema C. lower; decrease Every single time it comes up heads. Jacob is taking his psych test. 10. D. neither the intensity nor the duration, The false uniqueness effect is: The idea that people project . This pattern can be attributed to statistical regression. People tend to want to explore MOST issues thoroughly before making decisions. A. strong A. high; high In part 1, be sure to name and define the effect you have chosen. C. exhibit more health problems . A. a confederate C. self-esteem A. high self-esteem Suppose that the campus newspaper publishes an article about it, invoking external, stable attributions. C. illusion of transparency; self-reference their undesirable characteristics, their desirable characteristics, The ultimate attribution error refers to the tendency for people to make internal attributions to explain, When people want to suppress a thought, the conscious mind works to. A. about the same Which of the following statements is true about the false uniqueness effect? B. low self-esteem She is just beginning to understand concepts such as "dog," "cat," "chair," and "sofa," and to understand how these concepts differ from one another. When people make external, unstable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, Madisons is taking a freshman seminar at her university. Introducing Cram Folders! Suppose that you meet an old man named Al. D. variable (depending on if it is related to school or not), The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. He answers question #31 with D but isnt sure about it. She loves to read, surf the web, hike, go camping, and cook vegetarian meals. B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance What the researchers found was that fans of the two teams literally "saw" different games; things that were deemed "out" by fans of one team, for example, were deemed "in" by fans of the other. C. self-worth A. less intelligent than others C. it can motivate us to achieve B. looking-glass self B. collectivists; individualists Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Normative social influence is to seeking _____ as informational social influence is to seeking _____. Is this belief by millennials an example of the false uniqueness effect or false consensus effect? C. false modesty These findings are consistent with a motivational interpretation that emphasizes the individual's need to justify or normalize stigmatized behavior and to bolster perceived self-competence. Now of days, more and more car purchasers are being deceived by attempting of purchasing a used car online, As stated the study indicates that negatively valenced words are primed faster than positively valenced words. The false consensus effect in social psychology is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate how much others share their beliefs and behaviours. A. you are the best predictor of your behaviors The so-called "gambler's fallacy" refers to. Encouraging people to rely more on their memories. B. collectivists; individualists What are the three situational factors that impact conformity? B. low self-esteem Your mind races to determine whether to make an internal attribution ("Is this guy just crazy?") Diseo y fabricacin de reactores y equipo cientfico y de laboratorio A. Joel who lives in Hawaii When she goes to college, she meets a Hispanic student. -interrupt the experimenter to get instructions. Narcissists value: A. anger D. social identity, Blaming the tree for getting in your way after you crashed the car is an example of: This bias is often measured by looking at the difference between estimates that people make about how many of their peers share a certain trait or behaviour and the actual . -believe many Mormons collect rare books. D. overestimating, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be legal, and she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy. C. self-serving bias Recall the "Castro study" conducted by Jones and Harris. Write two or more paragraphs about ways older consumers can protect themselves from sellers who are not fair and honest. B. less attractive than others C. self-serving bias He also drives a Ferrari and a Lamborghini, and only stays at top-tier hotels like the Ritz Carlton and the Four Seasons. C. more positively The false uniqueness effect is the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and successful behaviors. C. possible self Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. Research indicates that __________ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that __________ engage in meta-cognition. [3] A. false consensus. This also makes you think about all of the fun and crazy things you did on your trip. -people's general reluctance to do much extra thinking. answer choices True False Question 4 120 seconds Q. According to Myers, the best term for this symptom is: D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others, The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is referred to as: In this study, participants were asked to read an essay that was supposedly written by another student. Language is richer in situation-type terms than trait terms. But Mr. Y thinks that George W. only became president because he was "in the right place at the right time," and had good luck. D. eventual self, According to Schwartz (2000; 2004), individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom," which is positively correlated with: